Decarbonisation measures to increase export and import costs
The global shipping industry is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for about 2.9% of global emissions. In order to reduce its emissions, the shipping industry is implementing a number of decarbonization measures. These measures are likely to increase the cost of shipping, which will in turn increase the cost of exports and imports. One of the most significant decarbonization measures being considered by the shipping industry is the use of alternative fuels. Alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, and ammonia are cleaner than traditional bunker fuel, but they are also more expensive. This means that shipping companies will have to pass on the cost of these alternative fuels to their customers, which will increase the cost of shipping. Another decarbonization measure that is likely to increase the cost of shipping is the use of energy-efficient technologies. Energy-efficient technologies such as hull optimization and slow